送交者: Masquerade 于 January 31, 2008 19:53:54:
回答: 【科学 教育】Arctic Frontiers Tromso 2008, Science conference 由 Masquerade 于 January 31, 2008 19:34:39:
09:00 S.S. Zabotin, Russian Arctic sector: From Antagonisms to Collaboration
During the twentieth century world economy was characterized by a rising of energy intensity. Over the last 25 years world consumption of primary energy increased on 57%, production of dry natural gas grew on 92%, coal on 63% and crude oil on 21%. Experts from ExxonMobil estimated that consumption of primary energy will rise on 54%, average annual increment of gas production will be 2.2% and oil will be 1.5%. These carbohydrates will provie 60% of the world energy use.
Russia ranks the second place on oil extraction (12,3% of the world prodution) and the first place on gas extraction (21,2%). The last years we can observe a deceleration of growth rates of oil and gas production. It's linked with exhaustion of the main oil and gas fields in the West Siberia, Ural and North of Russia.
To satisfy an increasing demand on energy carriers from Southeast Asia, Europe and North America it is necessary for Russia to not only overcome slomp in production, but intensify deliveries of carbohydrates on the world market.
Russia oil companies need to mine new oil and gas fields. They can choose two ways: to mine deposite in the East Siberia or in the northern territories fo the courtry. In the authors' opinion the most effective and economically sound way is the second alternative.
Today the most explored reserves are located in the Barents and Kara Seas. But there are some antagonisms between Norway and Russia according a method of division of the Arctic water area. It is the main reason why geological exploration works are not taken in the vast territory of the Barents Sea. Authors suppose that the partnership between Russia and Norway in the range of prospecting, prodution and distribution of carbohydrates in teh territory of Russian Federation, which has enormous reserves of oil and gas, can assist normalization of realtionships between both countries. It also makes possible to defer the solving of the problem with Arctic frontiers to the future perspective.