送交者: Masquerade 于 January 31, 2008 19:34:39:
Wednesday, Jan, 23
Session 1: Oil and Gas Activities in the Arctic. Past, Present, and Future
08:30 D. Thurston, Oil and Gas in the Arctic - Past, Present and Future Activities
As much as 10% of the world's oil and 25% of the world's gas is produced from Arctic fields. Russia has produced 80% of Arctic oil and 99% of Arctic gas. One estimate of discovered pertroleum resources has 5% of the world's oil and 22% of the world's gas in the Arctic. Northern Russia has 75% of known oil reserves and 90% of known gas reserves in the Arctic. Some estimates indicate up to 25% of the world's undiscovered oil and gas resources reside in the Arctic.
Oil and gas were discovered in Russia, the United States and Canada as early as the 1920's, with peak production in the early 1990's. Arctic in these areas remains high currently. Many thousands of kilometers of pipelines have been built to transport oil and gas from northwestern Russia. In Alaska the 1300km Trans Alaska Pipeline was built in 1977 accompanied by alomst 1000 km of infield oil pipelines, and in the early 1980's led to production from the Norwegian Sea in 1993 and gas production from the Barents Sea in 2007. Very high levels of exploratory activity are currently being conducted in teh Norwegian part of the Barents Sea. Exploration seismic and drilling efforts have also taken place and continue on the shelves of Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
The levels for many activities generally peaked in the 1980's. Seismic data acquisition, exploration drilling, production drilling, all saw their highest levels druing this time.
In the next 10-15 years we expect continued activities in existing fields and increased activities in areas immediately surrounding current onshore production such as Western Siberia and Timano-pechora regions in Russia, North Slope of Alaska, and the Mackenzie Delta in Canada and in offshore areas of the U.S. and Canadian Beaufort Sea, the U.S. Chukchi Sea, the Norwegian and Russian Barents sea, and the Russian Kara Sea.
Transportation of oil and gas may be accomplished by new pipelines and increased shipping, including possible construction of a 1200 km gas pipeline from Arctic Canada and a 3000 km gas pipeline from Alaska will allow the first commercial gas production from North America, a 4000 km oil pipeline from Siberian fields to the Pacific, and a significant increase in oil and LNG tankers transport from Russian and Norwegian fields.